For the purposes of this debate, 'hate speech' is a public statement by which a person, or a group of people, is severely threatened, insulted, or degraded based on characteristics such as their skin colour, national or ethnic origin, religious belief, or political views.
Some western liberal democracies (such as the UK, Ireland, Canada, Germany, and Denmark) have laws that make 'hate speech' a criminal offence. People whom the authorities believe have committed hate speech can be prosecuted for their actions (i.e., can be convicted of having committed a crime, and punished).